Stages of General Anesthesia
General Anesthesia: Overview
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Laminectomy and Spinal Cord Window Implantation in the Mouse
Published on: October 23, 2019
Frederick H Kuo1, Brant H Tudor2, Geoffrey M Gray2
1From the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.
到2050年,精准医学和不断发展的健康技术将彻底改变麻醉护理. 这些进步承诺更安全,更有效,更个性化的患者治疗,超越目前的一种适合所有人的方法.
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