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相关概念视频

Heritability01:06

Heritability

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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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跨监管变体网络有助于遗传性缺失.

Vanessa Pereira1, Elena Kuzmin2

  • 1Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.

Cell genomics
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员通过分析转录组来研究酵母杂交物中的基因表达变异. 他们确定了对基因活性产生差异的 cis 和 trans 调节性变化,为遗传性提供了洞察力.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 酵母遗传学 酵母遗传学

背景情况:

  • 基因表达变异对于理解表型多样性至关重要.
  • 确定这种变异的遗传基础,特别是"缺失遗传性",仍然是一个挑战.
  • 天然分离的Saccharomyces cerevisiae为研究遗传变异提供了有价值的模型.

研究的目的:

  • 调查 cis 和 trans 调控变化对 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 杂交物中的基因表达变异的贡献.
  • 为了分析来自酵母杂交的大型diallel面板的转录组数据.
  • 探索这些发现对理解遗传性的影响.

主要方法:

  • 对Saccharomyces cerevisiae天然分离物的大型diallel面板的转录组分析.
  • 分析基因表达数据以确定监管差异.
  • 对基因表达变异的 cis 和 trans 调节效应的比较.

主要成果:

  • 确定影响基因表达的特定的 cis 和 trans 调节性变化.
  • 为表达变化量化 cis 和 trans 调节的相对贡献.
  • 自然酵母种群中的调节变异的表征.

结论:

  • 基因调节和转基因调节的变异在形成酵母中的基因表达模式中起着重要作用.
  • 了解这些监管机制是解决"遗传性缺失"问题的关键.
  • 这项研究为剖析自然种群中的监管变异提供了一个框架.