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相关概念视频

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
8.5K

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相关实验视频

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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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嗅觉功能障碍与认知之间的关联:一个范围审查.

Patricia T Jacobson1, Brandon J Vilarello2, Jeremy P Tervo2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of neurology
|January 13, 2024
PubMed
概括

嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 可能预测成年人的认知能力下降. 虽然许多研究表明嗅觉和认知之间存在正面联系,但在年轻人中结果不尽相同,这表明需要进一步研究控制混因素.

关键词:
认知 认知是一种认知.健康的成年人 健康的成年人中年成人中年龄的成年人嗅觉是一种嗅觉.半客观的嗅觉检测测试.年轻的成年人 年轻的成年人

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 眼科医生 眼科 眼科

背景情况:

  • 嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 是神经退行性疾病 (如阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森病) 中神经认知衰退的已知预测因素.
  • 在年轻人群体中嗅觉和认知之间的联系的研究是有限的.
  • 本综述重点关注60岁以下成年人非COVID-19相关的OD.

研究的目的:

  • 为了评估经历嗅觉功能障碍的非老年成年人的认知变化.
  • 综合现有关于60岁以下成年人嗅觉障碍和认知功能之间的关联的研究.

主要方法:

  • 在PubMed,Embase,Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆进行了结构化,全面的文献搜索.
  • 审查的重点是研究OD与60岁以下个体的认知功能之间的关联.
  • 在54项选定的研究中进行了数据提取.

主要成果:

  • 在54项研究中,21项显示嗅觉和认知之间存在正面关联,而7项显示没有关联.
  • 很大一部分 (25/54) 报告了混合结果,只有1项研究表明了负面关联.
  • 嗅觉丧失的常见原因包括神经精神疾病 (37%),异常病 (25%) 和2型糖尿病 (7%).

结论:

  • 嗅觉功能障碍和认知之间存在积极的相关性,但研究结果在年轻人中与老年人相比不那么强大.
  • 研究群体和结果的异质性需要进一步研究.
  • 未来的研究应该对混因素进行控制,特别是对非老年人嗅觉丧失的非精神病学原因.