出生时基于地点的儿童机会和从婴儿期到4岁的儿童发展
Diane L Putnick1, Erin M Bell2, Jordan Tyris3
1Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
The Journal of pediatrics
|January 14, 2024
概括
更高的社区机会与更好的儿童发展结果有关. 改善社区资源可能会降低幼儿发育迟缓的风险,帮助早期干预工作.
科学领域:
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 健康的社会决定因素
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 社区质量是健康的关键基于地点的社会决定因素.
- 了解其对早期儿童发育的影响对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查儿童社区质量与4岁以下发育迟缓之间的关联.
- 评估4岁时邻居机会和发展表现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自北方州KIDS研究的数据,这是一个超过5700名儿童的纵向队列.
- 将儿童机会指数2.0与参与者的出生人口普查卷联系起来.
- 使用年龄和阶段调查问卷评估发育迟缓,使用Battelle发育清单评估发育表现.
主要成果:
- 更高的邻居机会与较低的发育迟缓几率有关,特别是在个人-社会领域.
- 改善邻里质量与4岁时在运动,个人-社会和适应性领域的更好的发育表现相关.
- 在调整了家庭层面的混变量后,这些关联仍然存在.
结论:
- 社区层面的机会对儿童入学前的发展方面有很大影响.
- 社区质量可以作为一个有价值的指标,为儿科提供者指导有针对性的发育查.
- 通过考虑社区特征等社会决定因素,可以提高对发育迟缓的早期识别和干预.
相关概念视频
01:21The Nativist Approach
56
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
56
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
55
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
55
01:22Language Development
368
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
368
01:27Introduction to Developmental Psychology
251
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
251
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
626
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
626
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
295
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
295