健康的不信任:医学黑子算法,认识论权威和先发制人主义
1Institute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Lessingstr. 3, D-80336Munich, Germany.
概括
本研究探讨了医学黑子算法 (BBA) 的伦理问题. 它批评BBA应该被认为是先决于患者信念的认识学权威,这可能会侵蚀信任.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 技术的哲学技术的哲学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 关于医学黑子算法 (BBA) 的伦理讨论往往缺乏深刻的认识论分析.
- 要了解BBA的信任和处理,需要检查它们作为认识论权威的角色.
- 优选主义的概念,即算法结果取代患者的信念,是这个道德辩论的核心.
研究的目的:
- 解决医学BBA的认识论分析中的研究缺口.
- 检查BBA作为认识学权威 (EAs) 的论文.
- 批评处理医疗BBA的先发制人的观点.
主要方法:
- 认识权威 (EA) 的概念分析.
- 检查为什么BBA可以被认为是EA.
- 批评抢购主义作为EA互动的框架.
主要成果:
- 可以将BBA概念化为认识学权威 (EAs).
- 优先权主义,即EA结果必须取代其他信念的想法,是一个有问题的立场.
- 对先发制人的批判性讨论揭示了它在医疗BBA的背景下存在的局限性.
结论:
- 如果将医疗BBA视为绝对的认识学权威,可能会产生对医疗BBA的不信任.
- 为了将BBA整合到临床实践中,需要一种细微的方法.
- 建议对BBA作为EA进行道德处理的要求,强调批判性参与而不是盲目接受.
相关概念视频
01:29Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving
56
Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
56
02:20Milgram's Obedience to Authority
6.4K
Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
6.4K
01:56Ethics in Research
23.0K
Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
23.0K
01:11Blinding
2.5K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.5K
01:21Heuristics
93
Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that use mental shortcuts to simplify decision-making. Unlike algorithms, which must be followed precisely to achieve a correct result, heuristics offer a general problem-solving framework. They save time and energy but can sometimes lead to less rational decisions.
People often rely on heuristics when faced with an overload of information, limited time, low importance of the decision, limited information, or when a heuristic readily comes to mind. For...
People often rely on heuristics when faced with an overload of information, limited time, low importance of the decision, limited information, or when a heuristic readily comes to mind. For...
93
01:09Epistasis Analysis
5.0K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
5.0K