年龄对成年人执行功能的影响不是性别特异性的
Marilou Lemire1, Isabelle Soulières1,2, Dave Saint-Amour1,3
1Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|January 15, 2024
概括
执行功能 (EF) 随着55岁左右的年龄开始下降,但这种下降在男性和女性之间没有差异. 这项研究研究了年龄和性别对成年人认知能力下降的影响.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 许多研究表明,执行功能 (EF) 随着年龄的增长而下降.
- 然而,关于与年龄有关的EF下降的性别差异的研究是有限的.
- 这项研究解决了了解年龄如何影响男性和女性EF的差距.
研究的目的:
- 调查成年男性和女性在执行功能 (EF) 中与年龄相关的差异.
- 确定性别是否影响特定EF的下降 (抑制,注意力,认知灵活性,工作记忆) 和总体EF评分.
- 分析EF的变化,从早期到晚年成年期的寿命.
主要方法:
- 18-78岁的302名参与者 (181名女性) 完成了四项基于计算机的认知任务,测量了抑制,注意力,认知灵活性和工作记忆.
- 参与者被分为五个年龄组 (18-30,31-44,45-54,55-64,65-78).
- 使用MANCOVA和ANCOVA来分析年龄,性别及其对EF的相互作用的影响,控制教育和设备使用.
主要成果:
- 在不同年龄组的EF表现中没有发现任何显著的性别差异.
- 55岁以下的参与者在所有任务中始终表现优于55岁以上的参与者.
- 全球EF评分表明,从55岁左右开始,执行职能明显下降.
结论:
- 执行功能 (抑制,注意力,认知灵活性,工作记忆) 与年龄相关的下降在55岁左右变得明显.
- 这种与年龄相关的EF下降在任何成年年龄都没有性别差异.
- 这些发现提供了有关年龄和性别对整个成年期执行功能的影响的宝贵数据.
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