在双胞胎样本中的功能性MRI期间认知和情绪处理的遗传性
Haeme R P Park1,2, Miranda R Chilver1,2, Yann Quidé1,2
1Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Human brain mapping
|January 15, 2024
概括
在认知和情感任务期间的大脑活动在双胞胎中显示出显著的遗传性. 遗传和环境因素相互作用,为复杂的功能形成神经激活模式.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 确立了大脑结构的遗传性,但任务唤起的大脑功能遗传性仍然不太了解.
- 以前关于大脑功能遗传性的研究产生了不一致的结果,可能是由于样本大小小和方法方法不同.
研究的目的:
- 用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 系统评估任务唤起的大脑活动的遗传性,在澳大利亚大型双胞胎样本中进行.
- 为了比较从多变量独立组件分析 (ICA) 和单变量兴趣区域 (ROI) 方法中得出的遗传概率估计.
主要方法:
- 利用标准化的认知和情感任务:表情表达情感任务 (FEET),奇特球任务,N-back任务和Go-NoGo任务.
- 采用ICA和ROI两种方法来量化成年双胞胎跨任务大脑活动的遗传性.
- 样本大小在136到226名参与者之间,取决于任务和双胞胎对.
主要成果:
- 对于任务唤起的大脑活动,观察到显著的遗传性,ICA估计范围为23%至34%.
- 投资回报率分析显示,情绪处理 (杏仁体) 和选择性注意力 (中高级前额叶皮层) 的显著遗传性.
- 与ROI方法相比,ICA发现了更广泛的遗传性大脑功能网络,表明复杂的遗传和环境影响.
结论:
- 任务唤起的大脑活动,特别是在情绪和注意力网络中,是遗传的.
- 遗传因素和独特的环境因素都会对潜在的认知和情绪功能的神经激活模式产生影响.
- 多变量双胞胎模型表明,在塑造大脑功能的过程中,遗传倾向和环境因素之间存在复杂的相互作用.
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