在有牙的鱼中,声学脂肪体和头骨肌肉之间的权衡进化
Hayate Takeuchi1, Takashi Fritz Matsuishi2, Takashi Hayakawa3
1Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
Gene
|January 15, 2024
概括
牙的鱼声学脂肪体,对于回声定位至关重要,显示混合肌肉和脂肪特征. 这些专门组织很可能是从肌肉进化而来的,适应水生动物的养行为和头部形态变化.
科学领域:
- 海洋哺乳动物生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 有牙的鱼依靠复杂的回声定位来在水生环境中生存.
- 声学脂肪体 (西瓜,外,内) 是回声定位的关键声音镜头.
- 这些专门的脂肪体的进化起源和组织组成仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究有牙的鱼声学脂肪体的分子和进化基础.
- 为了比较声学脂肪体的转录形状与相关组织.
- 阐明这些独特的解剖结构的功能和生态意义.
主要方法:
- 从港湾海豚和太平洋白面海豚的声学脂肪体的比较转录组分析.
- 分析相关组织以确定独特的分子特征.
- 检查基因表达模式,包括MYH16,以推断进化关系.
主要成果:
- 声学脂肪体表现出独特的分子形状,混合了肌肉和脂肪组织的特征.
- 瓜子和外脂肪体表现出与肌肉相关的基因表达,这表明与肌肉组织的进化联系,可能源自肌肉内脂肪组织.
- 额外骨脂肪体被确定为按摩肌的潜在同类体,由MYH16表达表示,额外骨脂肪体显示与免疫相关的功能.
结论:
- 有牙的鱼声学脂肪体代表了令人着迷的组织适应的一个例子,从肌肉相关的前体进化.
- 食适应,比如没有的吞,很可能导致了肌的冗余和随后的特殊脂肪体的形成.
- 声学脂肪体的发展与有牙的鱼在过渡到水生生物期间的显著头骨重组交织在一起.
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