人工智能在医疗保健中的三个时代
Michael D Howell1, Greg S Corrado1, Karen B DeSalvo1
1Google, Mountain View, California.
JAMA
|January 16, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 经历了三个时代的发展:AI 1.0 (象征性),AI 2.0 (深度学习) 和AI 3.0 (基础模型/生成AI). 了解这些不同的人工智能时代对于管理人工智能部署和风险的医疗领导者来说至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI)
- 人工智能技术的发展
背景情况:
- 人工智能对医疗保健的兴趣很高,引发了关于部署,风险和可能性的问题.
- 自20世纪50年代以来,人工智能已经显著发展,在不同时代具有不同的能力和风险.
- *AI 1.0包括象征性AI和概率模型.
- 人工智能2.0,以深度学习为特征,引入了特定任务的分类和预测模型,进步了日常生活和医疗保健.
- *AI 3.0具有基础模型和具有变革能力和幻觉等新风险的生成性AI.
研究的目的:
- 为医疗保健领导者提供了解人工智能 (AI) 演变的框架.
- 区分与人工智能的三个不同时代相关的能力和风险.
- 帮助制定有关在医疗保健领域部署人工智能的决策.
主要方法:
- 分析人工智能的历史发展,并将其分为三个时代.
- * 对每一个人工智能时代的特点,能力和风险进行研究.
- 基于AI 1.0,AI 2.0和AI 3.0的概念框架开发.
主要成果:
- 基于规则的系统和概率模型.
- 人工智能2.0:深度学习,特定任务模型在分类和预测方面表现出色.
- *人工智能3.0:能够通过提示执行各种任务的基础和生成模型,呈现诸如幻觉等新风险.
结论:
- 基础模型和生成人工智能 (AI 3.0) 是对医疗保健具有变革潜力的重大进步.
- 人工智能1.0,2.0和3.0框架为医疗保健领导者提供了有价值的启发方法,以了解不同的能力和风险.
- 关于人工智能实施的知情决策需要认识到每一个人工智能时代的独特特征.
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