可食用传统中医药通过调节肠道微生物总代谢物来改善2型糖尿病
Shen Chen1,2, Yiqiao Jiao1,2, Yiyang Han1,2
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
Acta diabetologica
|January 16, 2024
概括
可食用的传统中医药可以通过改变肠道微生物群的代谢物,如短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸来改善2型糖尿病. 这些天然化合物为更好的血糖控制和减少炎症提供了有希望的方法.
科学领域:
- 代谢障碍 代谢障碍 代谢障碍
- 肠道微生物群和宿主新陈代谢
- 传统中国医药 传统中国医药
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 呈现出复杂的致病机制,尽管有可用的口服药物,但血糖控制持续差.
- 肠道微生物群代谢物是关键的中间体,将肠道细菌与T2DM病原体联系起来.
- 可食用传统中医药 (TCM) 正成为针对T2DM的肠道微生物群的治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 审查十二种可食用的TCM,这些TCM调节了T2DM治疗的关键肠道微生物群代谢物.
- 探索这些TCM改善T2DM的分子机制.
- 讨论涉及T2DM可食用TCM的饮食整合和组合疗法.
主要方法:
- 关于食用TCM及其对T2DM肠道微生物群代谢物的影响的文献综述.
- 分析动物模型数据,证明TCM对短链脂肪酸,胆汁酸和分支链氨基酸的影响.
- 检查参与葡萄糖代谢和炎症的分子通路.
主要成果:
- 通过改变特定的肠道微生物群代谢物,确定了12种可食用的TCM有效改善T2DM.
- 这些TCM在增强葡萄糖代谢和减少炎症方面发挥了重要作用.
- 短链脂肪酸,胆汁酸和分支链氨基酸的调节是TCM的主要机制.
结论:
- 可食用TCM通过向肠道微生物群代谢物来管理T2DM是一种可行的方法.
- 饮食中添加和与益生菌结合可能会增强可食用TCM治疗T2DM的疗效.
- 对分子机制和临床应用的进一步研究是有必要的.
相关概念视频
01:19Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
176
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
Acarbose and miglitol are...
176
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.4K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.4K
01:24Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
325
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
325
01:26Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
204
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
204
01:23Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
188
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
188
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
11.1K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
11.1K