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相关概念视频

False Memories01:18

False Memories

89
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
89
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

35
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
35
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

353
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
353
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.3K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

39.0K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.0K
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

93
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
93

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

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探索自我报告的创伤暴露状态中的虚假阴性.

M Shae Nester1, Myranda H Cook1, Cameron P Pugach1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
|January 16, 2024
PubMed
概括

评估创伤暴露的"最坏事件"方法可能错过了许多符合条件的创伤事件,导致不准确的自我报告. 研究人员应该探索其他创伤评估方法以获得更好的准确性.

科学领域:

  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 临床心理学 临床心理学
  • 创伤研究 创伤研究

背景情况:

  • 创伤暴露通常使用检查列表进行评估,例如DSM-5 (LEC-5) 的生活事件检查列表.
  • 标准方法要求参与者确定一个单一的,最严重的创伤事件 (指数事件).
  • 以前的研究表明,这种"最坏的情况"方法可能会导致显著的虚假负面结果.

研究的目的:

  • 在创伤评估中复制虚假阴性结果的发现.
  • 调查与虚假阴性相关的因素,包括创伤类型,暴露方法,近期和PTSD症状严重程度.

主要方法:

  • 476名成年人完成了修订后的LEC-5,评估了所有认可的创伤事件.
  • 参与者还提供了人口统计数据,并完成了DSM-5的PTSD检查表.
  • 分析了数据,以比较报告主要标准A事件的参与者与报告次要标准A事件的参与者.

主要成果:

  • 49.16%的人报告了主要标准A"最糟糕的事件".
  • 另外28.99%的人报告了二级标准A事件,最初并没有被确定为最糟糕的事件.
  • 主要和次要标准A组都表现出类似的PTSD症状严重程度;在暴露平均值或近期性方面没有发现差异.

更多相关视频

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

12.4K
The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

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结论:

  • 在确定创伤暴露时",最坏事件"方法的效率和准确性是可疑的.
  • 建议使用其他创伤暴露评估方法,而不仅仅依赖"最坏事件"评分方法.