治疗酒精使用障碍的药物
Elisabeth Poorman1, Brianna M McQuade2, Sarah Messmer3
1University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
American family physician
|January 16, 2024
概括
药物可以有效治疗酒精使用障碍 (AUD),减少重度饮酒和预防复发. 然而,这些治疗方法的使用不足仍然存在,这凸显了需要扩大对AUD的药物治疗的机会.
科学领域:
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 过度饮酒是美国可预防死亡的主要原因之一,流行病期间与酒精有关的死亡人数显著增加.
- 药物滥用和心理健康服务管理局 (SAMHSA) 建议药物治疗与酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 的行为干预相结合.
- 尽管有可用的药物,但AUD的治疗率仍然很低,2019年只有7.3%接受任何治疗,1.6%接受处方药.
研究的目的:
- 审查用于治疗酒精使用障碍的各种药物的证据.
- 为了突出推治疗和AUD实际患者护理之间的差距.
- 倡导有系统的政策,以增加在AUD治疗中的药物使用.
主要方法:
- 对支持药物治疗酒精使用障碍的证据的系统审查.
- 对酒精使用障碍治疗利用率统计的分析.
- 基于科学证据的药物疗效评估.
主要成果:
- 纳尔特雷和 gabapentin 强烈支持减少沉重饮酒的日子.
- 阿卡姆普罗沙特有效地预防了戒断患者的复发.
- 托皮拉显示了适度的证据,可以减少重度饮酒的日子.
- 瓦伦尼克林和巴克洛芬也可以减少重度饮酒.
- 抗抑郁药仅在同时出现抑郁症的患者中对减少酒精摄入有益.
结论:
- 几种药物在治疗酒精使用障碍方面表现出有效性.
- 目前对AUD药物治疗的使用不足需要改变政策.
- 扩大获得基于证据的药物的机会对于改善AUD治疗结果在住院和门诊环境中至关重要.
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