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1Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Scientific reports
|January 16, 2024
概括
2014-2016年西非埃博拉疫情导致受影响地区儿童疫苗接种率较低. 这项研究证实了埃博拉发病率与BCG,DPT,麻疹和脊髓灰质炎等常规免疫接种减少之间的因果关系.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 埃博拉病毒病 (EVD) 是西非和中非特有的一种严重动物性传染病.
- 2014-2016年几内亚,利比里亚和塞拉利昂的埃博拉疫情严重影响了医疗保健系统,经济和公众信任.
- 干扰包括服务退化,医疗保健工作人员的丧失,以及对基本医疗保健的减少.
研究的目的:
- 量化埃博拉疫情强度对长期医疗保健质量,特别是儿童疫苗接种率的影响.
- 确定埃博拉发病率的局部变化是否因果关系影响了受影响地区儿童接种疫苗的覆盖率.
主要方法:
- 使用差异差异模型分析疫情前后的家庭调查数据.
- 在不同埃博拉发病率的地区比较疫苗接种率 (BCG,DPT,麻疹,脊髓灰质炎).
- 使用统计分析来确定流行病强度和疫苗接种覆盖率之间的因果关系.
主要成果:
- 几内亚和塞拉利昂的埃博拉发病率较高的地区在2018-2019年显示,儿童整体疫苗接种率明显较低.
- 分析表明,埃博拉疫情的强度和疫苗接种范围的减少之间存在因果关系.
- 有证据表明,疫情对医疗保健和日常服务的影响是局部的.
结论:
- 2014-2016年埃博拉疫情对几内亚和塞拉利昂受影响地区的儿童常规免疫接种产生了有害和因果关系的影响.
- 疫苗接种率下降凸显了重大疾病爆发对基本公共卫生服务的长期影响.
- 加强医疗保健系统的干预措施对于减轻流行病对儿童健康的持久影响至关重要.
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