在美国成年人中,饮食中巨量营养素组成和端粒长度之间的关系
Nicholas A Koemel1,2, Nasser Laouali3,4,5, Alistair M Senior1,6
1Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia.
Advanced biology
|January 16, 2024
概括
饮食中的宏观营养素成分会影响生物衰老. 饮食中蛋白质和脂肪含量较低,但碳水化合物含量较高,与白细胞端粒长度 (LTL) 测量的慢衰老有关.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 饮食中的宏观营养素和能量摄入量是衰老的既定因素.
- 之前的研究主要研究了单个巨量营养素对白细胞端粒长度 (LTL) 的影响.
- 总体宏观营养素成分对LTL和生物衰老的影响仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查饮食中的宏观营养素组成与白细胞端粒长度 (LTL) 之间的关联.
- 探索美国成年人中宏观营养素比例与生物衰老标志物之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 从国家健康和营养检查调查 (1999-2002) 中对4130名美国成年人的横截面分析.
- 通过单个24小时的饮食回忆收集的饮食数据.
- 用于检查宏营养素组成和LTL之间的关系的三维通用添加剂模型,对共变量进行调整.
主要成果:
- 经过调整后,在宏观营养素组成和LTL之间发现了显著的三维关联 (P=0.02).
- 低蛋白 (5-10%),高碳水化合物 (75%) 和低脂肪 (15-20%) 的饮食与最长的LTL相关,表明生物衰老速度减慢了7.7年.
- 蛋白质 (5%) 和碳水化合物 (40%) 含量非常低,但脂肪含量高 (55%) 的饮食与最短的LTL有关,这表明生物衰老加速了4.4年.
- 这些关联是由更高的能量摄入量放大,独立于整体饮食质量.
结论:
- 饮食中的宏观营养素成分在生物衰老中起着重要作用,正如LTL所示.
- 特定的宏观营养素比例,特别是较低的蛋白质和脂肪含有较高的碳水化合物,与更慢的衰老有关.
- 这些发现突出了饮食成分,能量摄入量和衰老过程之间的复杂相互作用.
相关概念视频
Telomeres and Telomerase
23.4K
In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
23.4K
Replicative Cell Senescence
3.6K
Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
3.6K
Replication in Eukaryotes
13.8K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
13.8K


