电子健康记录中的自由文本诊断的附加值:混合词典和机器学习分类研究
Tarun Mehra1, Tobias Wekhof2, Dagmar Iris Keller3,4
1Department for Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
JMIR medical informatics
|January 17, 2024
概括
临床笔记的自然语言处理 (NLP) 补充了用于预测患者结果的结构化数据. 这种方法可以提高急救部门的工作流程和患者流量管理.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 医生往往更喜欢非结构化的临床笔记,而不是在电子健康记录中结构化的数据输入.
- 自由文本与结构化数据的信息价值仍然是医疗信息学中的一个关键问题.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较自然语言处理 (NLP) 的实用性,从非结构化的首席投诉中获得的信息与临床医生输入的结构化诊断进行自动化患者工作流改善.
- 评估NLP识别的症状集群对患者结局的预测能力,如住院和紧急严重性指数 (ESI) 评分.
主要方法:
- 从2014年1月到2021年10月,分析了293,298次紧急诊所的访问情况.
- 从临床笔记与结构化首席投诉对监督的基于NLP的症状集群进行比较,用于预测住院和ESI分数.
- 在对临床医生确定的主要投诉进行控制后,评估NLP衍生特征的意义.
主要成果:
- 在92%的病例中,NLP症状集群显著预测了住院治疗,在100%的病例中,ESI得分较低.
- 在控制临床医生数据后,67%的NLP住院集群和75%的NLPESI集群仍然显著.
- 在NLP集群和首席投诉之间的低相关性 (r=-0.04到0.6) 表明了补充信息.
结论:
- 从NLP衍生的特征和临床医生的知识在解释患者结果变化方面是互补的.
- 这种综合方法提供了有效的患者流量管理,特别是在紧急医疗中.
- 在没有编程技能的情况下,NLP使医疗专家能够创建精确的关键词词典,用于对非结构化临床文本进行分类.
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