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黑死病之前和之后的剑桥郡遗传历史

Ruoyun Hui^1,2, Christiana L Scheib^2,3,4, Eugenia D'Atanasio⁵

¹Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.

Science advances

|January 17, 2024

概括

黑死病的流行并没有显著改变剑桥郡的当地遗传多样性. 古代DNA分析没有显示出任何重大遗传变化或在流行前和流行后的人口之间增加的免疫基因分化.

科学领域:

古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
中世纪历史中世纪历史
人口遗传学人口遗传学

背景情况:

黑死病 (1346-1353) 深刻影响了欧洲人口,但其对人类流动性和遗传多样性的局部影响仍然不清楚.
文献来源和古代病原体DNA已经阐明了大流行病的规模和原因,但没有阐明其微观进化后果.

研究的目的:

调查黑死病对坎布里奇郡当地人类流动性和遗传多样性的影响.
分析大流行前后被埋葬的个体的古老基因组,以评估遗传变化.

主要方法:

来自坎布里奇郡的275个古老基因组的测序,其中109个具有>0.1×覆盖面.
对遗传祖先的分析以及黑死病前后队列之间的免疫位点的差异化.
机构 (修道院,医院囚犯) 与一般社区葬礼中的亲属关系模式的比较.

主要成果:

在黑死病前和后的队列之间,没有检测到整体遗传祖先的显著变化或免疫位点的更高分化.
亲属关系分析揭示了制度化个体中缺乏近亲,与制度化角色相一致,与一般社区葬礼不同.
在Cambridgeshire的当地遗传祖先中观察到长期的转变,但不能直接归因于大流行病的直接遗传影响.

结论:

黑死病并没有在研究的坎布里奇郡人口中引起当地遗传祖先或免疫基因配置的重大,可检测的变化.
当地的遗传多样性模式更多地受到制度化和长期人口动态等因素的影响,而不是黑死病的直接影响.
古代基因组学为了解历史流行病的细微,局部规模的人口和遗传后果提供了一个强大的工具.

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