睡眠不足和充足睡眠对健康成年人的认知功能的影响
Molly E Zimmerman1, Giada Benasi2, Christiane Hale3
1Fordham University, Department of Psychology, Bronx, New York, USA.
Sleep health
|January 17, 2024
概括
充足的睡眠,定义为每晚7-9小时,显著提高认知功能,如工作记忆和抑制控制在健康的成年人. 然而,睡眠不足会损害这些能力,与基线相比没有任何改善.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 睡眠科学 睡眠科学
背景情况:
- 大多数研究都集中在睡眠不足上,对持续充足的睡眠的关注较少.
- 这项研究调查了充足和不足的睡眠对认知表现的影响.
研究的目的:
- 实验性地研究充足睡眠与睡眠不足对健康成年人的认知表现的影响.
- 为了比较持续睡眠和睡眠限制的持续时间后的认知结果.
主要方法:
- 一个随机的交叉设计被采用了两个6周的条件:充足的睡眠和睡眠不足 (1.5小时少于充足).
- 参与者保持了正常的睡眠时间表,以获得充足的睡眠,并减少睡眠,以获得不够的睡眠,中间有一个清洗期.
- 在基线和每次干预结束时,使用NIH工具箱认知电池评估认知功能.
主要成果:
- 充足的睡眠导致工作记忆 (List Sorting任务) 和抑制控制/注意力 (Flanker任务) 的显著改善,超过了实践效应.
- 睡眠不足后的认知表现没有超过基线水平,并且在实践中低于预期.
- 65名健康的成年人 (35.9±4.9岁,89%女性) 完成了这项研究.
结论:
- 每晚至少7个小时的持续,稳定的睡眠对于健康成年人的最佳认知功能至关重要.
- 持续充足的睡眠可以明显改善工作记忆和反应抑制.
- 睡眠不足会对认知表现产生负面影响,无法显示预期的与实践相关的收益.
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