仍然很少有证据表明,空间导航中的性别差异是进化的适应
Connor M Hults1, Richard C Francis2, Edward K Clint3
1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Royal Society open science
|January 18, 2024
概括
关于空间导航的研究表明,在寻路能力和家庭范围大小方面的性别差异之间没有联系. 这表明经验因素,而不是自然选择,可能解释性别之间的认知差异.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 比較心理學 比較心理學
背景情况:
- 人类认知中的一个被广泛记录的性别差异是男性在寻路能力方面的假定优势.
- 性特异性适应假设表明,这是由于性别之间的不同家庭范围大小而演变的.
- 之前的研究没有发现任何关系,但受到小样本大小和数据限制的限制.
研究的目的:
- 重新评估空间导航和家庭范围大小中性别差异之间的关系.
- 通过包括更多的物种和人类生存文化来解决先前研究的局限性.
- 用更新和扩展的数据测试性别特异性适应假设.
主要方法:
- 在多种动物物种中对空间导航和家庭范围大小进行比较分析.
- 包括来自人类生存文化的数据,以扩大人类数据的范围.
- 统计检查以确定空间能力和家庭范围大小的性别差异之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 与之前的发现一致,很少有证据支持空间导航和家庭范围大小的性别差异之间的关系.
- 来自更多物种和人类文化的扩展数据并没有改变缺乏显著相关性的情况.
- 该研究没有发现对性别特异性适应假设的支持.
结论:
- 空间能力的性别差异不太可能是与家庭范围大小相关的自然选择的直接功能结果.
- 经验因素和/或未经选择的生物学副作用是观察到的认知性别差异的更合理的解释.
- 这些发现挑战了长期以来关于男性在寻路方面的优势的进化解释.
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