在全球样本中,随着社会阶级的增加,教育程度的父母-子女相似性会减少:证明补偿优势假设的证据
Michael A Woodley Of Menie1, Matthew A Sarraf2, Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre3
1Independent Researcher, London, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in psychology
|January 18, 2024
概括
父母的社会阶级削弱了父母和孩子的教育成就 (EA) 之间的联系. 较高的社会阶级减少了EA的父子相似性,支持了补偿优势假设.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 在教育成就 (EA) 方面,父母和子女的相似性受到遗传和环境因素的影响.
- 社会阶级和EA之间的关系是复杂的,关于社会经济地位 (SES) 在塑造这些代际模式中的作用正在进行的辩论.
研究的目的:
- 调查自我报告的社会阶级如何调节全球不同人口的教育成就 (EA) 的亲子相似性.
- 测试关于SES和EA遗传性的Scarr-Rowe和补偿优势假设的预测.
主要方法:
- 利用来自56个国家的大规模,全球代表性数据集 (N=69,116).
- 在预测参与者EA时,采用了层次的一般线性模型和定量回归来分析社会阶级和家长EA之间的相互作用.
- 对区域影响,年龄和阶级和家长EA的主要影响进行控制.
主要成果:
- 发现社会阶级和家长EA之间存在显著的负面相互作用,这表明在更高的社会阶级中EA的家长-子女相似性减少.
- 定量回归证实,母参与者EA协会在较高社会阶层相比,在较低社会阶层更强大.
- 在这些模式中没有观察到任何显著的性别差异.
结论:
- 研究结果支持补偿优势假设,表明富裕家庭获得资源可能缓冲内在因素对EA的影响.
- 这项研究挑战了Scarr-Rowe假设,证明在较高的SES群体中对EA的遗传影响较弱.
- 社会阶级在调节教育优势的代际传播方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
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