在COVID-19相关的嗅觉功能障碍患者中,粘膜抗体反应和SARS-CoV-2脱落
Shilpee Sharma1, Anaïs Thiriard1, Véronique Olislagers1
1European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Journal of medical virology
|January 18, 2024
概括
在SARS-CoV-2感染后,持续的嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 可能源于与较弱的鼻腔抗体反应相关的持续病毒复制. 无氧性患者的较低免疫球蛋白水平与较高的病毒载量相关,表明潜在的治疗点.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
背景情况:
- 嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 是SARS-CoV-2感染的常见,持续的症状.
- 长期OD的潜在机制,特别是粘膜免疫的作用,尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究鼻腔SARS-CoV-2病毒载量与持久嗅觉丧失患者的特定抗体水平之间的关系.
- 探索粘膜免疫反应在后病毒性OD病变发生中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对105名确诊COVID-19和OD的患者进行前性研究,评估症状出现后2周.
- 根据嗅觉测试,患者被分类为常态性 (n=53) 或无气性/低气性 (n=52).
- 分析了鼻水样本的SARS-CoV-2病毒载量和特定的IgG和IgA抗体水平.
主要成果:
- 检测到SARS-CoV-2在大约50%的患者的鼻子洗中,无论是正常的还是无氧的组.
- 无鼻性患者表现出较高的鼻腔病毒载荷,与较低的SARS-CoV-2特定IgG和IgA水平相关.
- 在正常患者中没有发现这种关联,也没有观察到与对特有冠状病毒抗体的联系.
结论:
- 持续的SARS-CoV-2在鼻腔中的复制可能由OD患者的粘膜抗体反应不足所促进.
- 向和增强粘膜免疫力可能是减少病毒复制和管理持久嗅觉功能障碍的策略.
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