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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Published on: June 24, 2022

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基板催化被电子缺陷的二烯联体激活

Camille Z Rubel1, Wen-Ji He1, Steven R Wisniewski2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States.

Accounts of chemical research
|January 18, 2024
PubMed
概括

研究人员开发了稳定在空气中的 (0) 预催化剂,以替代敏感的Ni (0) COD (2) 进行多功能有机合成. 这些新的催化剂使具有挑战性的键形成成为可能,包括sp3混合碳中心,扩大催化能力.

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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienophiles

In a Diels–Alder reaction, the diene is usually an electron-rich system and acts as a nucleophile, whereas the dienophile is electron-deficient and functions as an electrophile. Much like the diene, the nature of the dienophile significantly impacts the outcome of the reaction. 
Characteristics of Dienophiles
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The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is...
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The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
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