退休人员是否比失业者更适合他们的心理能力? 一项在德国进行的横截面代表性研究
1Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany b.muschalla@tu-braunschweig.de.
BMJ open
|January 18, 2024
概括
与受雇者和退休者相比,失业者表现出更高的工作焦虑和较差的心理状况. 在劳动力中保持老年人可能是一个可行的替代方案,而不是重新整合那些有慢性问题的人.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
背景情况:
- 心理能力对于所有年龄段的学校,工作和社会成功至关重要.
- 就业状况显著影响心理健康和生活参与.
- 了解不同就业群体的心理形象对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同就业群体 (雇员,小工作者,志愿服务,退休人员,失业者) 的心理能力概况.
- 为了在这些群体中比较工作焦虑和苦的比例.
- 确定劳动力市场再融入和社会包容的潜在策略.
主要方法:
- 在德国对2528个人进行了一项代表性的横截面调查.
- 评估社会人口统计和工作特征.
- 测量心理能力概况 (Mini-ICF-APP-S) 和与工作相关的心理健康问题 (工作焦虑,苦).
主要成果:
- 失业者报告工作焦虑率 (16.3%) 和愤怒率最高.
- 失业者群体表现出最差的心理能力概况和最高的失业历史.
- 退休人员的心理状况与就业人员的心理状况相似,老年退休人员报告的工作焦虑 (2.6%) 和愤怒 (4.2%) 较低.
结论:
- 让具有高心理能力的老年人留在劳动力中可能是重新整合慢性参与问题的人的替代方案.
- 患有慢性健康和参与问题的失业者可能会受益于其他社会包容措施.
- 需要针对不同就业群体提供量身定制的支持,以优化心理健康和劳动力市场参与.
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