克服障碍和耻辱:艾滋病毒感染者的固体器官移植的新前沿
1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Clinical microbiology reviews
|January 19, 2024
概括
固体器官移植 (SOT) 对患有人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的人来说越来越重要,因为预期寿命更长. 艾滋病毒转移给艾滋病毒移植为器官短缺提供了一个有希望的解决方案,改善了艾滋病毒阳性接受者的结果.
科学领域:
- 移植免疫学 移植免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 抗逆转录病毒疗法增加了人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 患者的预期寿命,导致更多的器官损伤性并发症.
- 艾滋病毒感染者的末期器官疾病往往需要固体器官移植 (SOT),以改善生存和生活质量.
- 持续的器官短缺造成了对创新的捐赠来源的需求.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前的固体器官移植 (SOT) 人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 阳性接受者从HIV阴性捐赠者 (HIV D-/R+).
- 探索HIV-to-HIV器官移植 (HIV D+/R+) 的新兴领域.
- 确定在艾滋病毒感染者中实施SOT的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 对HIV阳性接受者的SOT现有文献的审查.
- 对HIV D-/R+移植的结果,药物相互作用,排斥和机会性感染的分析.
- 探索HIV D+/R+移植的可行性和挑战.
主要成果:
- 已建立的HIV D-/R+移植协议已经为治疗药物相互作用,排斥和感染提供了宝贵的经验教训.
- 艾滋病毒D+/R+移植是一种解决器官短缺问题的新方法,目前正在研究其安全性和有效性.
- 关键的挑战包括公众的看法,监管障碍,以及需要进一步的研究.
结论:
- 固体器官移植 (SOT) 是艾滋病毒感染者 (PLWH) 的可行且日益必要的选择.
- 艾滋病毒转移到艾滋病毒移植 (HIV D+/R+) 是缓解器官短缺的一个有希望的前沿.
- 解决实施障碍和推进研究对于扩大PLWH的SOT至关重要.
相关概念视频
Tissue Transplantation
372
Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
372
Sexually Transmitted Infections
315
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
315
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants
332
Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
332
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
243
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
243
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
68.3K
Overview
68.3K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
46.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.0K


