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相关概念视频

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Continuous Charge Distributions01:17

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Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at the microscopic level, macroscopically, it can be considered continuous. Small volume elements of water, infinitesimal compared to the bulk of the bucket's volume, still contain many molecules. Under this framework, quantized matter is approximated as continuous for practical purposes.
The electric charge can also be subjected to an analogical...
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

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The work done to bring a charge through a distance r is given by the potential difference between the initial and the final position. To assemble a collection of point charges, the total work done can be expressed in terms of the product of each pair of charges divided by their separation distance, defined with respect to a suitable origin. Solving this expression gives the energy stored in a point charge distribution.
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Coulomb's Law and The Principle of Superposition01:15

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Coulomb's Law describes the force experienced by two point charges under each other's presence. But what if there are more than two charges? For example, if there is a third charge, does it experience a force that is a simple combination of the individual forces due to the first two charges? Can it be described mathematically?
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Electric Field01:16

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Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by defining a new physical quantity called the electric field.
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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
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从单波函数中提取更高的中心电荷.

Ryohei Kobayashi1, Taige Wang2,3, Tomohiro Soejima2

  • 1Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Center, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical review letters
|January 19, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员开发了一种量子计算方法,以在拓上有序的阶段中识别阻碍物. 这有助于确定相位是否具有可隙边缘,这对于理解量子材料至关重要.

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科学领域:

  • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
  • 量子信息理论 量子信息理论
  • 关于物质的拓阶段

背景情况:

  • 在 (2+1) 维度中的拓排序相可以具有可隙的边缘,但这并不总是保证的,即使有消失的性中心电荷 (c_{-}).
  • 最近发现的一种"更高"的中心电荷,作为一个额外的障碍,使边缘的隙超出了传统的c_{-}.
  • 了解边缘属性对于对量子技术中的拓相进行分类和利用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在量子状态上使用部分旋转运算符的预期值来描述更高的中心电荷.
  • 建立一个从单个波函数中提取这些更高的中心电荷的数值方法.
  • 提供一个完整的标准来确定一个 (2+1) D 玻色子拓顺序是否具有可隙边缘.

主要方法:

  • 从边缘符合性场理论的模块性质进行分析推导.
  • 部分旋转操作员对特定波函数的预期值的数值评估.
  • 使用$\nu=1/2$玻色拉夫林状态 (U(1)$_2$拓顺序) 和基塔耶夫蜂巢模型的非阿贝尔阶段 (Ising拓顺序) 进行测试.

主要成果:

  • 更高的中心电荷与部分旋转操作员的预期值直接相关.
  • 这个预期值可以从单个波函数中计算出来,通过量子计算使其可访问.
  • 建立了一个数值方法,以识别超出c_{-}的 (2+1) D玻色拓序列中的可隙边缘的阻碍物.
  • 该方法允许在 (2+1) D bosonic Abelian 拓顺序中完全确定可间隙边缘.

结论:

  • 部分旋转运算符的预期值提供了一个强大的工具,用于表征更高的中心负荷和障碍物.
  • 这项工作使我们能够在 (2+1) D bosonic Abelian 拓秩序中完全分类可隙边缘.
  • 这些发现对散装边界系统的低能光谱施加了约束,类似于利布-舒尔茨-马蒂斯定理.