加强新西兰的排放交易制度:全面的部门级评估,以加强监管框架
Miaomiao Tao1, Stephen Poletti1, Le Wen1
1Energy Centre, Department of Economics, Business School, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Journal of environmental management
|January 20, 2024
概括
新西兰的排放交易计划 (ETS) 从2006年至2020年有效减少了部门碳强度. 然而,特定部门的法规需要调整以获得最佳的环境和经济结果.
科学领域:
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 气候变化政策 气候变化政策
- 计量经济学 计量经济学 计量经济学
背景情况:
- 各国正在采用基于刺激的法规来实现气候目标.
- 新西兰使用排放交易计划 (ETS),平衡减排和经济增长.
- 有效的部门选择和监管对于ETS的效率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 验证新西兰排放交易体系 (NZ ETS) 降低部门碳强度的潜力.
- 评估新西兰排放交易体系在各经济部门减排方面的有效性.
- 鉴定新西兰排放交易系统由于特定部门的监管设计而造成的潜在效率低下.
主要方法:
- 应用双重机器学习技术来分析部门碳强度.
- 使用新西兰的输入-输出表来检查部门依赖关系和产品联系.
- 分析2006年至2020年间对24个主要经济部门的监管影响.
主要成果:
- 在2006-2020年期间,新西兰排放交易体系 (NZ ETS) 显示出对整个部门碳强度的强有力的缓解.
- 在分类层面的分析显示出效率低下,五个关键部门的处理不足.
- 输入-输出联系突出了影响ETS有效性的复杂部门依赖关系.
结论:
- 新西兰排放交易系统在减少总碳强度方面取得了成功,但需要重新制定监管.
- 目前的法规对于五个关键部门来说要么太严格,要么太宽松.
- 优化新西兰排放交易所需要针对这些五个关键部门采取有针对性的方法,以提高环境和经济绩效.
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