在皮层和皮层下人类大脑网络的细粒度架构中,执行功能的基础是皮层和皮层下人类大脑网络
Moataz Assem1, Sneha Shashidhara1,2, Matthew F Glasser3,4
1MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, United Kingdom.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|January 20, 2024
概括
执行功能涉及总域和特定领域的大脑过程. 这项研究绘制了执行任务期间特定的大脑网络相互作用的地图,揭示了这些相互作用如何产生不同的功能.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
背景情况:
- 理论上,执行职能涉及到总域和特定域的神经过程.
- 之前的脑成像研究表明,在广泛的大脑网络中,执行激活的趋同和分歧.
- 缺乏精确的解剖学映射,以了解域一般和域特定执行函数之间的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 使用高分辨率神经成像,精确地绘制执行任务期间的大脑激活的地图.
- 调查执行职能中域一般和域特定流程之间的相互作用.
- 阐明不同执行职能背后的神经机制.
主要方法:
- 使用了来自人类结合体项目的高分辨率多式磁共振成像 (MRI).
- 扫描参与者执行三种常规执行任务:n-back,规则切换和停止信号.
- 分析了个体水平的大脑激活及其与静止状态网络的地形关系.
主要成果:
- 确定了9个在额叶,额叶和叶皮层的域一般区域,执行激活在其中汇聚.
- 揭示了每个任务的独特激活地形,梯度向特定的静止状态网络转移 (默认模式,背部注意力, cingulo-opercular).
- 在多模式神经生物网络边界发现了峰值激活,在皮层下区域 (尾状核,丘脑,小脑) 发现了一致的发现.
结论:
- 执行职能源于部分专业化网络与邻近的域-通用领土之间的相互作用.
- 在域-一般区域交叉处的特定任务的网络梯度提供了对执行功能生成的机械洞察力.
- 高分辨率的神经成像揭示了执行控制背后的详细解剖组织.
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