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太空时代最大的太阳粒子事件的癌症和循环系统疾病风险
Francis A Cucinotta1, Sungmin Pak1
1Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States of America.
Life sciences in space research
|January 20, 2024
概括
这项研究使用了NASA太空癌症风险模型来评估太阳粒子事件 (SPEs) 和银河系宇宙射线 (GCRs) 的风险. 被动屏蔽有效地减轻了SPE风险,但随着屏蔽的增加,GCR风险变得占主导地位.
科学领域:
- 太空科学 太空科学
- 天体生物学 天体生物学
- 辐射生物学 辐射生物学
背景情况:
- 太空探索使宇航员暴露在大量辐射中.
- 太阳粒子事件 (SPEs) 和银河系宇宙射线 (GCRs) 构成健康风险,包括癌症和循环系统疾病.
- 了解辐射风险对于长期太空任务至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用NASA太空癌症风险 (NSCR) 模型,预测主要历史SPEs的癌症和循环疾病风险.
- 评估被动辐射屏蔽对SPE和GCR的有效性.
- 在不同的屏蔽条件下比较SPE和GCR的风险.
主要方法:
- 使用了NASA太空癌症风险 (NSCR版本2022) 模型.
- 分析了观察到的最大的SPEs的能量光谱,并考虑了GCR贡献.
- 模拟了历史太阳活动时期的风险 (1960年,1989年,1956年,1972年) 用不同的屏蔽 (20g/cm2及以上).
主要成果:
- 由于主要的SPEs而引起的暴露死亡 (REID) 的风险在20g/cm2的屏蔽下降到1.2%以下.
- 增加的屏蔽支持对SPE应用ALARA (尽可能低的合理实现) 原则.
- 预计每年GCR风险将超过SPE风险,约为30g/cm2的屏蔽.
结论:
- 被动屏蔽有效地减少了太阳粒子重大事件带来的风险.
- 银河系宇宙射线构成显著的长期辐射风险,在具有大量屏蔽的SPEs上占主导地位.
- 辐射保护策略必须考虑SPE和GCR,而对于较长的任务,屏蔽要求增加.
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