对于在多个国际空间站和月球任务上的宇航员而言,非目标效应和太空辐射风险
1Univerity of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, United States of America.
Life sciences in space research
|January 20, 2024
概括
太空辐射暴露,包括银河系宇宙射线 (GCRs),给宇航员带来癌症和循环风险. 非目标效应 (NTEs) 显著提高了这些风险,种族群体和任务持续时间之间存在显著差异.
科学领域:
- 太空辐射生物学
- 天体生物学 天体生物学
- 辐射风险评估 辐射风险评估
背景情况:
- 到月球和火星的太空旅行给宇航员带来了重大健康风险,主要来自银河系宇宙射线 (GCR).
- 预测GCR风险的不确定性源于高线性能量转移 (LET) 辐射的独特生物效应和流行病学数据的缺乏.
- 非向效应 (NTEs) 越来越被认为是影响低剂量高LET辐射对生物影响的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 用NASA太空癌症风险模型 (NSCR-2022) 预测未来的月球和火星任务的太空辐射风险.
- 将非向效应的影响纳入固体癌症风险预测中.
- 评估不同美国种族人口和任务场景的癌症和循环系统疾病死亡风险.
主要方法:
- 利用NASA太空癌症风险模型 (NSCR-2022) 进行风险预测.
- 在评估固体癌症风险时,纳入非向效应 (NTEs).
- 分析了美国白人和亚太岛民 (API) 在各种任务持续时间 (ISS,月球,联合) 的风险.
主要成果:
- 与忽视它们的模型相比,预计非向效应 (NTEs) 将癌症风险增加约2.3倍.
- 预计美国亚太岛民 (API) 的人口的癌症风险比美国白人低约30%.
- 由于与年龄相关的风险变化和背景风险竞争,多个任务的癌症风险略低于附加效应.
- 循环风险使整体死亡率估计增加了20-37%,这取决于性别和NTEs的包含.
结论:
- 包括非向效应 (NTEs) 显著放大了预测的太空辐射癌症风险.
- 预测癌症风险的种族差异,美国API人口面临的风险低于美国白人.
- 国际空间站和月球联合任务的预测风险符合国家辐射保护和测量委员会 (NCRP) 制定的安全指南.
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