在西黑猩猩和东黑猩猩社区中,灵活的分组模式
Kathelijne Koops1,2, Walter Akankwasa3, Henry Didier Camara4
1Ape Behaviour & Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
American journal of primatology
|January 22, 2024
概括
黑猩猩的社会结构是灵活的,不是由亚种严格定义的. 研究人员发现,西黑猩猩和东黑猩猩的群体规模相似,这挑战了关于它们的社会行为之前的假设.
科学领域:
- 灵长类动物的行为和社会组织
- 灵长类动物进化生物学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 灵长类社会组织表现出显著的物种间变异.
- 裂变融合社会系统,如黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes) 的社会系统,允许根据社会生态条件灵活地分组.
- 之前的研究表明,西黑猩猩 (P. t. verus) 和东黑猩猩 (P. t. schweinfurthii) 亚种之间的社交能力存在差异,但这些基于有限的数据和各种方法.
研究的目的:
- 调查西黑猩猩群落与东黑猩猩群落之间的社交,特别是群体规模和组成是否有所不同.
- 通过使用跨研究组一致的方法来解决先前研究的局限性.
- 评估关于黑猩猩社会行为的亚种级概括的有效性.
主要方法:
- 利用运动触发式摄像机技术收集了关于两种黑猩猩群体的数据:西部的Gahtoy群体 (几内亚) 和东部的Waibira群体 (乌干达).
- 两个社区之间的党派规模和组成,包括党派类型和性别比例的比较.
- 对潜在的混因素进行控制,例如对资源的竞争 (食物和交配机会).
主要成果:
- 当资源竞争被考虑时,亚种并没有显著影响党内个体的数量.
- 与西部Gahtoy社区相比,东部Waibira社区在聚会中男性比例更高.
- 与预期相反,西部Gahtoy社区更有可能组建全女性政党,这是东部黑猩猩没有预测的模式.
结论:
- 黑猩猩的社交性表现出显著的灵活性,强调了它们的裂变融合系统的适应性.
- 这些发现挑战了关于黑猩猩亚种特定社会差异的现有概括.
- 强调需要使用一致的方法进行进一步研究,以了解不同种群中灵长类动物社会行为的细微差别.
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