在有或没有发育性语言障碍的学龄前儿童中,对言语对比的反应不匹配
Ana Campos1,2,3, Jyrki Tuomainen2, Outi Tuomainen4
1UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Brain sciences
|January 22, 2024
概括
在语音感知中,自上而下的语言效应在学龄前儿童中并不明显,包括那些患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童. 皮层反应在典型和DLD组之间没有差异,这表明没有早期语音感知缺陷.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 了解幼儿时代语音感知神经基础至关重要.
- 研究自上而下的语言效应,即更高层次的语言知识影响感官处理,是描述典型和非典型语言发展的关键.
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 影响语言学习,但其对神经处理语音的影响尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 将典型语言发育 (TLD) 的学龄前儿童与发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的学龄前儿童之间的皮质对语言刺激的反应进行比较.
- 为了确定幼儿是否表现出像成年人一样的语音感知上下调制.
- 探索语音技能与儿童皮层语言歧视之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在三个组的被动语音对比感知过程中测量了皮层不匹配响应 (MMR):TLD学龄前儿童,DLD学龄前儿童和成年人.
- 在儿童组中评估了语音技能.
- 分析了MMR测量对语音技能的群体和协会之间的差异.
主要成果:
- 成年人显示了自上而下的效应,增强了对词汇刺激的皮质歧视,但不是非词语.
- 在TLD和DLD学龄前儿童之间没有发现MMR的显著差异.
- 在任何一个学前班组中都没有检测到自上而下的效应,并且在MMR和语音技能之间没有发现联系,尽管DLD组的技能较低.
结论:
- 在语音歧视中,上下语言调制可能不会在幼儿时代建立.
- 与具有TLD的同龄人相比,患有DLD的学前儿童似乎没有表现出皮质语音感知缺陷.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明声学能力与幼儿语音处理中的皮质活动之间的联系.
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