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双语者不是两个同龄的单语者:对多语者的规范性测试影响
Samuel O Ortiz1, Sarah K Cehelyk1
1Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
Journal of Intelligence
|January 22, 2024
概括
心理测试假定可比性,但语言发展,而不仅仅是年龄,是多语言个体准确结果的关键. 控制语言接触的新测试确保了对不同群体进行更公平的比较和有效的评估.
科学领域:
- 心理和情报测试测试心理和情报测试.
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
- 语言学和认知发展
背景情况:
- 标准化测试依赖于将个人与相似年龄的规范群体进行比较.
- 这种基于年龄的可比性在多语言个体中受到挑战,因为语言暴露和发展的差异不同.
- 之前试图解决测试中的语言差异 (例如,简化说明,翻译) 的尝试并没有为多语言者建立有效性和公平性.
研究的目的:
- 调查多语言个体中测试表现的主要调节者.
- 为了证明语言发展,而不是年龄,是认知测试表现的更重要因素.
- 倡导测试建造方法,以确保对多语言人口的公平性和有效性.
主要方法:
- 对心理测试和多语言学现有研究进行分析.
- 检查语言暴露和发展如何影响认知测试结果.
- 审查特定的测试规范 (例如,BESA,Ortiz PVAT),以控制年龄和语言发展.
主要成果:
- 多语言个体的测试表现主要受到他们对测试语言的接触和发展的影响.
- 语言发展,特别是感受性词汇,解释了测试表现的变化比时间表年龄更多.
- 控制语言发展差异消除了基于种族的历史性表现差异.
结论:
- 测试中的真实同行比较必须考虑多语言者之间的语言发展差异.
- 像BESA和Ortiz PVAT这样的测试提供了一个模型,通过控制年龄和语言能力来创建公平的规范.
- 为多语种人制定有效和公平的测试需要对语言发展给予密切关注,以便在各种语言背景下进行准确的评估.
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