运动诱导的喘:运动员呼吸系统问题的管理
Josuel Ora1, Patrizia De Marco1, Mariachiara Gabriele1
1Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
|January 22, 2024
概括
运动员经常经历运动引起的支气管收缩 (EIB),这种情况会影响表现. 对于患有喘的运动员来说,有效的诊断和管理,包括吸入的皮质类固醇,至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 喘影响全球数百万人,精英运动员 (20-70%) 的患病率更高.
- 运动引起的支气管收缩 (EIB) 在运动员中很常见,会影响表现和幸福感.
- 运动员喘的表型各不相同,由于呼吸道敏感度升高和环境暴露,这带来了独特的管理挑战.
研究的目的:
- 审查运动员中EIB的发病,诊断和治疗.
- 突出了在运动群体中为EIB做出贡献的具体因素.
- 强调最佳的运动员诊断和管理策略与EIB.
主要方法:
- 关于EIB在运动员中的当前文献的审查.
- 专注于EIB病原性中的生理和环境因素.
- 讨论诊断方法,包括运动和挑测试.
- 对药物和非药物治疗选择的分析.
主要成果:
- EIB的病原体包括气道脱水,冷却,炎症和过度反应.
- 精英运动员表现出明显的炎症反应和高度敏感性.
- 游泳和暴露增加了EIB的风险.
- 客观的诊断测试,特别是挑测试,对于EIB对运动员的诊断至关重要.
- 吸入性皮质类固醇 (ICS) 是主要的治疗方法,其他药物和非药物治疗策略起到辅助作用.
结论:
- 准确诊断运动员中的EIB是有效管理的基础.
- 最佳的管理可以改善运动员的生活质量和竞技表现.
- 一个综合的方法,结合避免触发因素,适当的药物治疗和定期监测是关键.
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