植物对气候变化的反应,全球变暖如何影响粮食安全:批判性审查
Michela Janni1,2, Elena Maestri3, Mariolina Gullì3
1Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy.
Frontiers in plant science
|January 22, 2024
概括
满足全球粮食需求需要到2050年将农业生产增加一倍,而气候变化对作物生产率和遗传多样性的影响加剧了这一挑战. 本综述探讨了omics技术和精准农业,以开发适应气候变化的作物和可持续的粮食系统.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 为了满足日益增长的人口需求,到2050年全球农业产量必须翻一番.
- 气候变化,包括高温和干旱,严重威胁到作物生产率和粮食安全.
- 全球变暖影响物种生存,迫使种植区迁移,减少作物的遗传变异性.
研究的目的:
- 审查气候变化与生态系统可持续性之间的关系.
- 探索奥米克技术 (基因组学,蛋白质组学,代谢组学,现象组学,离子组学) 在应对这些挑战中的作用.
- 为可持续农业提出一个全新的整体研究范式.
主要方法:
- 文献综述,重点关注气候变化对农业的影响.
- 分析用于作物改良的奥米克技术.
- 讨论精准农业和先进的肥料用于耐受和减轻压力.
主要成果:
- 奥米克技术和精准农业为培育适应气候变化的植物提供了工具.
- 节约资源的技术可以减轻全球变暖对农业的影响.
- 植物面临多种环境压力,需要综合解决方案.
结论:
- 需要采取整体的方法,不仅仅是农作物产量,还包括可持续性,社会经济因素和农业生态系统管理.
- 开发具有更高耐受性和适应能力的植物对于粮食安全至关重要.
- 综合战略对于应对农业的气候变化挑战至关重要.
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