比较统计,机器学习和深度学习算法的性能,以预测时间到事件:用于转换到轻度认知障碍的模拟研究
Martina Billichová1, Lauren Joyce Coan2, Silvester Czanner1,2
1Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
PloS one
|January 22, 2024
概括
预测轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 的转化是关键. 这项研究发现,像CoxPH这样的统计模型的性能与复杂的深度学习模型相比,即使训练权重较少,也具有相应的性能,从而挑战了先前的假设.
科学领域:
- 计算神经科学是一种计算神经科学.
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 的检测对于痴呆症干预至关重要.
- 对于MCI中时间到事件数据的预测算法众多,但它们的比较性能不清楚.
- 使用较少训练重量的算法的准确性经常受到质疑.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较统计 (CoxPH),机器学习 (RSF) 和深度学习 (DeepSurv) 算法的时间到MCI转换的预测准确度.
- 调查训练重量和未观察到的异质性对算法性能的影响.
- 为人工智能的发展提供信息,用于对认知衰退的时间到事件预测.
主要方法:
- 模拟了一个基于阿尔茨海默氏症NACC数据集的数据集,以比较CoxPH,RSF和DeepSurv模型.
- 在不同的样本大小和场景中评估算法性能,包括未观察到的异质性.
- 根据训练重量数和模型复杂度分析准确性.
主要成果:
- 考克斯比例危险模型 (CoxPH) 在所有模拟场景中表现出强的表现.
- 在更大的样本大小 (n=6,000) 中,DeepSurv的准确度与CoxPH (73%) 相同 (73.1%).
- 考虑到CoxPH中的异质性,其准确性与DeepSurv和RSF相美,揭穿了深度学习优越性的概念.
结论:
- 训练重量较少的统计模型可以与MCI预测的复杂深度学习模型一样准确.
- 忽视异质性可能导致对算法性能的误解.
- 这项研究倡导一种原则性的方法来比较AI算法进行时间到事件预测,偏好可解释的模型.
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