探索哥斯达黎加和墨西哥青少年之间饮食多样性和微量营养素充足度的差异
Rafael Monge-Rojas1, Rulamán Vargas-Quesada1, Joaquín Alejandro Marrón-Ponce2
1Nutrition and Health Unit, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Ministry of Health, Tres Ríos 4-2250, Costa Rica.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 23, 2024
概括
在哥斯达黎加和墨西哥之间,青少年饮食的多样性和微量营养素的充足程度各不相同. 哥斯达黎加的青少年显示出更高的饮食多样性,但这两个国家都需要营养干预来改善微量营养素摄入量.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
背景情况:
- 在青春期,适当的微量营养素摄入对于成长和发育至关重要.
- 饮食多样性是影响青少年饮食中微量营养素充足度的关键因素.
- 了解饮食多样性和微量营养素状况的区域差异对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较哥斯达黎加和墨西哥青少年的饮食多样性和微量营养素充足率 (PA).
- 确定最佳的最低饮食多样性 (MDD) 评分,以评估这些人群的饮食多样性.
- 为改善中美洲青少年营养的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及818名哥斯达黎加和1202名墨西哥青少年 (13-18岁) 的横截面研究.
- 使用最低饮食多样性 (MDD) 评分评估的饮食多样性.
- 微量营养素充足的概率 (PA) 为11个微量营养素计算;用于确定最佳MDD的接收器操作特征 (ROC) 曲线.
主要成果:
- 墨西哥青少年 (4.68 ± 1.48) 的MDD平均值高于哥斯达黎加青少年 (4.17 ± 1.43).
- 高比例的哥斯达黎加青少年符合MDD标准 (66.5%对55.6%).
- 哥斯达黎加的青少年在6个微量营养素中具有更高的PA,而墨西哥的青少年则具有更高的PA;这两组都显示出低铁PA.
结论:
- 哥斯达黎加和墨西哥青少年之间饮食多样性和微量营养素充足度存在显著差异.
- 在这两个国家,有针对性的营养干预和监测食品强化计划是必要的.
- 改善饮食多样性和特定微量营养素摄入量,特别是铁,是该地区青少年的公共卫生优先事项.
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