在1型糖尿病中不同饮食组合的基于传感器的葡萄糖指标 - 一个随机的一周交叉试验
Kasper B Kristensen1,2, Ajenthen G Ranjan1, Olivia M McCarthy1,3
1Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
Nutrients
|January 23, 2024
概括
通过高脂肪 (HF) 或高蛋白 (HP) 饮食减少碳水化合物摄入量可以改善1型糖尿病的葡萄糖控制. 与高碳水化合物 (HC) 饮食相比,这些饮食导致血糖变异性较低.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 代谢疾病 代谢疾病
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 1型糖尿病的管理旨在尽量减少血糖的波动.
- 低碳水化合物饮食正在探索其稳定葡萄糖水平的潜力,但证据仍然有限.
- 了解不同宏观营养素成分对血糖控制的影响对于饮食建议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较一周高脂肪 (HF) 饮食和高蛋白质 (HP) 饮食与高碳水化合物 (HC) 饮食对1型糖尿病成年人葡萄糖指标的影响.
- 在不同的饮食条件下调查血糖变化和葡萄糖水平.
- 提供关于低碳水化合物干预措施在1型糖尿病管理中的有效性的证据.
主要方法:
- 一个随机的三期交叉研究,涉及12名胰岛素治疗1型糖尿病的成年人.
- 参与者每周遵循三种同热量饮食:HC (48%碳水化合物),HF (19%碳水化合物,62%脂肪) 和HP (19%碳水化合物,57%蛋白质).
- 持续的葡萄糖监测 (Dexcom G6) 用于在整个干预期间收集葡萄糖数据.
主要成果:
- 在HF (30.5±6.2%) 和HP (30.0±5.5%) 两种饮食中,血糖变异性明显低于HC饮食 (34.5±4.1%) (P<0.01).
- 三种饮食中的平均葡萄糖水平没有显著差异 (P = 0.08).
- 与HF (29.4 ± 12.1%) 和HC (29.5 ± 13.4%) 饮食 (P < 0.05) 相比,HP饮食 (22.3 ± 11.8%) 的葡萄糖水平高于10.0 mmol/L的时间显著较低.
结论:
- 一周的高脂肪 (HF) 饮食,特别是高蛋白质 (HP) 饮食,与标准的高碳水化合物 (HC) 饮食相比,在1型糖尿病患者的葡萄糖指标上有所改善.
- 惠普饮食在减少葡萄糖水平保持升高的时间方面显示出特定的益处.
- 这些发现表明,减少碳水化合物摄入量,特别是含有较高蛋白质的碳水化合物,可以成为增强1型糖尿病血糖控制的可行策略.
相关概念视频
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
285
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
285
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.4K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.4K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
175
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
175
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.6K
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
263
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
263


