针对新型病原体进行疫苗接种:对COVID-19疫苗有效性证据的批判性审查
1Pritzker School of Law and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60201, USA.
Microorganisms
|January 23, 2024
概括
六个月后,COVID-19疫苗的有效性 (VE) 减弱,mRNA疫苗显示出比病毒载体疫苗更好的初始保护. 第三次补充剂量显著改善了保护,突出了持续监测和迅速更新疫苗接种策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在SARS-CoV-2原始人群中最初的COVID-19疫苗接种经验为未来的流行病准备提供了洞察力.
- 专注于前两年的流行病 (通过三角洲的野生菌株) 是至关重要的,因为2022年初的奥米克朗波导致了通过疫苗接种或感染的广泛免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 对四种主要疫苗的COVID-19疫苗有效性 (VE) 和随着时间的推移而减弱的情况进行审查.
- 为了比较Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2),Moderna (mRNA1273),Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.CoV2.S) 和AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S) 的相对有效性,我们使用了这些药物.
主要方法:
- 在2022年8月15日之前对PubMed研究进行符合PRISMA的审查.
- 对四个终点进行VE分析:任何感染,症状感染,住院和死亡.
主要成果:
- mRNA疫苗 (BNT162b2,mRNA1273) 初始显示高VE,但在大约六个月后保护减弱,BNT162b2减弱速度更快.
- mRNA疫苗的效果超过了病毒载体疫苗 (Ad26.CoV2.S,ChAdOx1-S).
- 在初始疫苗接种后大约六个月内进行的第三次增强剂量,大大提高了对感染,住院和死亡的保护.
结论:
- 疫苗效率下降需要在人口层面持续监测和及时的监管响应.
- 第三剂应该被认为是持续保护标准疫苗接种计划的组成部分.
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