从电子健康记录预测疾病发病情况,用于人口健康管理:一种可扩展和可解释的深度学习方法
Robert Grout1, Rishab Gupta2, Ruby Bryant3
1Accenture, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence
|January 23, 2024
概括
深度学习模型使用电子健康记录 (EHR) 预测未来的糖尿病和心脏病发作等疾病. 这种主动的方法通过早期识别有风险的患者来增强人口健康管理.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的人工智能和机器学习
- 计算医学和生物信息学
- 人口健康管理 人口健康管理
背景情况:
- 医疗保健正在从反应性治疗转向积极预防不良事件.
- 人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 为早期干预提供了先进的预测能力.
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 包含大量数据,用于预测未来的疾病诊断.
研究的目的:
- 调查深度学习 (DL) 方法对从EHR数据预测未来疾病诊断的有效性.
- 通过识别有风险的患者,利用DL进行主动的人口健康管理.
- 通过结合超越传统EHR数据的新功能来增强预测模型.
主要方法:
- 使用Word2Vec从结构化的EHR词汇 (例如,SNOMED CT代码) 创建嵌入.
- 开发了一种新的方法,将内置的观察值和更广泛的健康决定因素纳入嵌入.
- 在患者嵌入器上使用双向门复发单位 (GRU) 模型来预测3年内2型糖尿病,COPD,高血压和急性心肌梗塞的诊断.
- 计算了SHapley添加式扩展 (SHAP) 来实现模型的可解释性.
主要成果:
- 通过扩大数据范围,包括内置观察和更广泛的健康决定因素,实现了更好的预测性能.
- 通过接受器运行特征曲线值显示了高预测精度:糖尿病为0.92,COPD为0.94,高血压为0.92,心脏病为0.94.
- SHAP分析证实,模型学习了与预测结果相关的临床相关特征.
结论:
- DL方法有效地从大规模的EHR数据中识别出临床相关的特征,用于疾病结果预测.
- DL解决方案在识别未来患病风险的患者方面显著有前途.
- 这项研究为临床医生提供了理解和评估人工智能驱动风险预测驱动因素的工具.
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