在小鼠听力损失之前和之后的声音寻找
Jessica Mai1, Rowan Gargiullo1, Megan Zheng1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|January 23, 2024
概括
小鼠可以通过运动来学习跟踪声音源. 即使有永久性听力损伤,他们也会调整他们的策略来恢复寻找声音的能力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 身体运动会影响声音的感知,并有助于定位声音源.
- 听觉实验往往限制了运动,限制了对其在听觉中的作用的理解.
- 补偿性的头部运动可以减轻听力损失.
研究的目的:
- 调查身体运动在听觉感知和声音定位中的作用.
- 开发和利用一种自然主义的行为任务来研究小鼠的听力.
- 检查听力损失对听觉引导行为和适应策略的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个"寻找声音"的行为任务,奖励小鼠追踪声音源.
- 诱导性听力损失通过手术切除骨 (中耳骨).
- 评估了单侧和双侧听力损失的小鼠的听觉震惊反应和声音寻找任务性能.
主要成果:
- 小鼠在学习的过程中提高了寻找声音任务的表现.
- 双边听力损失取消了听觉惊反应,严重损害了寻找声音的性能.
- 单边听力损失导致声音寻找的短暂缺陷,通过改变空间采样策略,在一周内恢复.
结论:
- 这项研究表明,对外周听力系统损伤的适应性很强.
- 身体运动在听觉感知和听力损失的恢复中起着至关重要的作用.
- 寻找声音的范式提供了关于运动如何促进听力和适应感官缺陷的见解.
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相关概念视频
01:31Hearing
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
01:13The Cochlea
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
01:06Echo
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...