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相关概念视频

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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植物细胞类型特定的 cis-regulatory 元素的演变

Haidong Yan, John P Mendieta, Xuan Zhang

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    概括

    在植物中理解 cis-regulatory element (CRE) 演变是复杂的. 这项研究揭示了染色质可访问性如何因细胞类型和物种而异,揭示了对调控元件的保护和演变的见解.

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    科学领域:

    • 植物基因组学 植物基因组学
    • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
    • 基因调节 基因调节

    背景情况:

    • 基因调节元件 (CREs) 对于控制基因表达至关重要.
    • 特别是在植物中,CREs的进化动态尚不清楚.
    • 染色素可访问性在定义活性调节区域方面发挥着关键作用.

    研究的目的:

    • 构建一个全面的单细胞地图书,显示大米 (Oryza sativa) 中的染色质可访问性.
    • 在多种草种中进行比较基因组学,以了解CRE进化.
    • 为了研究染色质可访问性,保存性和细胞类型特异性之间的关系.

    主要方法:

    • 在103,911个米核上使用测序 (scATAC-seq) 进行转化酶可访问色素的单细胞测定.
    • 比较基因组学整合了来自大米和四种其他草种 (Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Panicum miliaceum, Urochloa fusca) 的数据.
    • 对可访问的染色体区域 (ACRs) 进行保护,细胞类型特异性的分析,并与基因素修饰重叠 (H3K27me3).

    主要成果:

    • 在9个大米器官中确定了126个离散的细胞状态.
    • 发现不同水平的ACR保存与细胞类型特异性相关.
    • 皮肤上ACRs的保护性较低,这表明该层的快速调节演变.
    • 发现保存的ACR重叠H3K27me3,可能充当沉声器类元素.

    结论:

    • 对比基因组学揭示了植物细胞类型特定的CREs的动态进化.
    • 染色体可访问性模式提供了对监管元素的保护和分歧的见解.
    • 该研究强调了监管演变的潜在机制,包括特定细胞类型的快速变化和保存的沉声元件.