使用小麦转基因,培育对生物性真菌病原体的持久耐药性
Marcela Camenzind1, Teresa Koller1, Cygni Armbruster1
1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement
|January 24, 2024
概括
转基因小麦和大麦结合了新的耐药性基因,证明了对真菌疾病如粉和叶的持久,全季的保护,提供了一种可持续的作物改善方法,而不会影响产量.
科学领域:
- 植物育种和遗传学 植物育种和遗传学
- 农业生物技术 农业生物技术
- 保护作物的作物保护.
背景情况:
- 可持续的作物生产需要抵抗疾病,通常通过新基因实现.
- 来自小麦的转基因为提高谷物耐药性提供了一个有希望的途径.
- 之前的研究强调了在受控环境中特定耐药基因的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 评估三种不同的策略的现场有效性,用于在小麦和大麦中使用小麦衍生转基因赋予真菌病耐药性.
- 评估这些抗性策略在多个生长季节的耐用性和产量影响.
- 探索谷物作物的长期,可持续的疾病管理的潜力.
主要方法:
- 在几年内进行了实地试验,以评估小麦中单个转基因 (Pm3e) 和金字塔转基因 (Pm3a,b,d,f) 赋予的耐药性.
- 在一种可诱导病原体的促进剂下,表达小麦成年植物耐药性基因Lr34的大麦系对抗粉状菌和叶的耐药性进行了评估.
- 监测了所有转基因品种的农业性能,包括产量组成部分.
主要成果:
- 转基因小麦系Pm3e#2在9个耕种季节中表现出对粉状菌的完整,持久的抵抗力,而不会造成产量损失.
- 在五个田间季节中,小麦中的金字塔转基因 (Pm3a,b,d,f) 提供了完全的粉耐药性.
- 表达Lr34的大麦对粉状菌和叶子生有部分耐药性,对产量成分有轻微的负面影响.
结论:
- 该研究成功地展示了使用小麦转基因在小麦和大麦中实现持久性真菌病耐药性的三个可行的策略.
- 单个或金字塔式Pm3基因的过度表达赋予了小麦中对粉状菌的强有力的抵抗力.
- Lr34基因有可能提高大麦的耐药性,尽管产量补偿可能是必要的.
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