执行功能差异作为父母报告的暴饮暴食和体重的函数:来自青少年大脑认知发育研究的结果
Kaitlin N Rozzell-Voss1, Patrycja Klimek-Johnson2, Dawn M Eichen3
1University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaii USA.
Obesity science & practice
|January 24, 2024
概括
过度饮食的儿童表现出较低的执行功能 (EF),类似于肥胖儿童. 过度饮食儿童的认知差异可能不仅仅来自体重,这突出了进一步研究的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿科神经认知 儿科神经认知
- 饮食失调研究研究
- 儿童肥胖的研究研究儿童肥胖.
背景情况:
- 暴饮暴食是儿童常见的饮食失调行为,与不良健康结果有关.
- 执行功能 (EF) 缺陷与儿科肥胖和暴饮暴食有关,尽管研究结果各不相同.
- 了解EF,暴饮暴食和儿童体重状况之间的相互作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 根据体重状况和父母报告的暴饮暴食,调查儿童的执行功能 (EF) 差异.
- 探索童年暴饮暴食和超重/肥胖之间的潜在神经认知相似之处.
- 检查暴饮暴食中的EF变化是否仅仅取决于体重.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自青少年大脑认知发展研究的10,017名儿童 (年龄为9-10岁) 的数据.
- 通过体重状况 (正常体重,超重/肥胖) 和父母报告的暴饮暴食的存在/不存在来定义的不同组的执行功能 (EF) 水平的比较.
- 在这些不同的儿科组中分析了EF的统计差异.
主要成果:
- 过度饮食的儿童 (正常或超重/肥胖) 与没有过度饮食的正常体重儿童相比,EF显著降低.
- 超重/肥胖但没有暴饮暴食的儿童也比正常体重的同龄人显著降低了EF.
- 虽然差异很小,但结果表明,在过度饮食和超重/肥胖儿童中,潜在的共享神经认知特征.
结论:
- 暴饮暴食儿童的执行功能 (EF) 变化可能超出体重相关因素,因为即使在正常体重的儿童中也观察到差异.
- 研究结果表明,儿童群体中饮食失调,神经认知和体重状况之间存在复杂的关系.
- 使用多信息元方法进行进一步的纵向研究是必不可少的,以澄清儿童肥胖,暴饮暴食和执行功能之间的时间联系.
相关概念视频
Binge Eating Disorders
68
Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
68
Bulimia Nervosa
79
Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
79
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68
Anorexia Nervosa
70
Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
70
Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K
Regulation of Food Intake
232
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
232


