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双语的缺点是系统地通过跨任务和人群的双语优势来弥补的
Vittoria Dentella1, Camilla Masullo2, Evelina Leivada3,4
1Department of English and German Studies, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. vittoria.dentella@urv.cat.
Scientific reports
|January 24, 2024
概括
双语表现出认知上的优点和缺点,但他们平衡. 在某个领域 (如执行功能) 的性能提升,可能会在另一个领域 (如口语流) 的成本中得到抵消.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 人类发展 人类发展
背景情况:
- 双语与各种认知结果有关,包括增强和损害.
- 这些双语优势和缺点的同时发生和平衡仍然不清楚.
- 现有的研究往往呈现出关于双语的认知影响的相互矛盾的发现.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和定量分析双语个体的认知优势和缺点的同时发生.
- 调查双语是否在认知领域具有正面,负面或中立的净效应.
- 重构对双语认知效应的理解,超越孤立的优点或缺点.
主要方法:
- 系统的文献审查遵循PRISMA方法.
- 贝叶斯分析了39项关于双语和认知表现的研究数据.
- 使用最近两次元分析的数据集复制分析.
主要成果:
- 不到50%的关于"双语缺陷"的研究只报告了缺点.
- 贝叶斯分析证实了双语效应的强有力的证据,但在优势与缺点的比例上没有显著差异.
- 在考虑多个领域时,双语的认知影响似乎是一个零和游戏.
结论:
- 在双语中观察到的积极和消极认知结果之间的平衡不是随机的.
- 有利和不利的影响是动态权衡的相互关联的组成部分.
- 一个领域的增强认知性能在另一个领域的成本中得到补偿,这表明双语者有一个平衡的认知系统.
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