性别和大小决定了部分迁移的本体性
Stephanie Witczak1,2, Urs Kormann1, Michael Schaub1
1Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland.
The Journal of animal ecology
|January 25, 2024
概括
年轻的红风迁移,但大多数随着年龄的增长而成为居民,受生殖时间和身体大小的影响. 大型雌性可能更早成为居民. 迁徙的成年男性的生存率较低.
科学领域:
- 鸟类学 鸟类学是一门学科.
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 部分迁移,其中一些个体迁移而另一些个体仍然是居民,在鸟类中很常见,但对于与年龄相关的模式了解甚少.
- 两个主要假设,即到达时间和体型假设,为迁徙物种冬季居住的驱动因素提供了对比的解释.
- 研究迁徙行为的本体性对于理解人口动态和迁徙的演变至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究年龄,性别和体型如何影响红风 (Milvus milvus) 整个生命周期的迁徙表型 (居住与迁徙).
- 测试来自到达时间和身体大小假设的关于年龄依赖的迁徙行为的预测.
- 量化以年龄为依赖的过渡到居住的概率,生存率,以及恢复迁移的可能性.
主要方法:
- 多年来,GPS追踪了311只幼和70只成年红,覆盖了881个年度周期.
- 应用贝叶斯多态捕获-再捕获模型来估计年龄相关的转变和生存概率.
- 计算每年龄段居民比例,并分析性别和体型对迁徙现象型的影响.
主要成果:
- 几乎所有年轻的红都在第一次冬天迁徙;居住概率随年龄增加,在成年人 (>3岁) 中达到大约0.3.
- 更大的女性更有可能在生命的早期 (第三个日历年) 成为居民,支持体型假设.
- 成年男性移民的生存率低于成年男性居民的生存率,在成为居民后返回移民的概率很低 (0.15).
结论:
- 红风的迁徙表型显示出一种塑性,年龄依赖于居住的转变,与到达时间和身体尺寸假设一致.
- 年龄,性别和体型等个体特征相互作用,塑造迁徙行为的本体性,导致复杂的人口模式.
- 了解这些个体变异是解释人口中迁徙现象型的持久性的关键.
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