在临床癌症EMR中应用和改进公共可用的药物NER管道
Meg Stevens1, Georgina Kennedy1,2,3, Timothy Churches1,2
1University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia.
Studies in health technology and informatics
|January 25, 2024
概括
使用变压器层微调预先训练的命名实体识别 (NER) 管道,可以显著改善从电子医疗记录 (EMR) 中提取药物. 这种方法甚至在有限的注释临床数据的情况下也能获得高准确度.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 临床自然语言处理 (NLP) 对于从非结构化的电子病历 (EMR) 中提取药物信息至关重要.
- 临床NLP数据集的有限可用性和预算限制给研究带来了重大挑战.
- 预先训练的NLP模型,特别是具有变压器层的NLP模型,为使用较小的数据集实现高性能提供了有希望的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 评估预先训练的基于变压器的命名实体识别 (NER) 管道的可转移性和有效性,用于在临床EMR中识别药物标.
- 评估微调对NER管道性能的影响,使用有限的,域特定的注释集体.
主要方法:
- 使用公开可用的,预先训练的NER管道,结合了变压器层.
- 从临床癌症EMR数据集中使用1,565个注释药物样本对管道进行了微调.
- 在使用F1分数进行微调之前和之后评估了管道的性能.
主要成果:
- 预先训练的NER管道在直接验证时表现不佳.
- 在与癌症EMR数据微调后,该管道在识别药物名称方面获得了92%的高F1得分.
- 不一致的数据注释被确定为影响业绩的重要因素.
结论:
- 基于变压器的NER管道在临床NLP中对于药物提取非常有效,即使注释数据有限.
- 微调预训练模型是克服临床NLP研究数据短缺的可行策略.
- 该研究强调了对强大和创新的注释流程的关键需求,以提高临床NLP应用的可靠性.
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