交叉保护性HCoV免疫减少了SARS-CoV-2感染期间症状的发展
Irene A Abela1,2, Magdalena Schwarzmüller1, Agne Ulyte3
1Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
mBio
|January 25, 2024
概括
对常见的人类冠状病毒 (HCoV) 预先存在的免疫力增强了对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型 (SARS-CoV-2) 的免疫反应,显著减少了症状性疾病. 这种交叉保护突出了开发针对粘膜免疫的广谱冠状病毒疫苗的潜力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型 (SARS-CoV-2) 导致显著的发病率,但预防症状性疾病的因素尚未完全理解.
- 流行的人类冠状病毒 (HCoV) 在全球范围内传播,它们与SARS-CoV-2免疫力的相互作用需要调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查之前存在的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型 (SARS-CoV-2) 和特有的人类冠状病毒 (HCoV) 抗体反应对初始SARS-CoV-2暴露后症状疾病发展的影响.
- 评估粘膜和全身免疫在减轻SARS-CoV-2感染症状中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在纵向和横截面队列中分析唾液和血抗体对HCoVs和SARS-CoV-2抗原的反应性.
- 对SARS-CoV-2变种 (武汉,阿尔法,三角形,欧米克朗BA.2) 的中和活性的确定.
- 抗体反应与症状与无症状SARS-CoV-2感染的相关性.
主要成果:
- 以前存在的HCoV-S1抗体反应性与血和唾液中的SARS-CoV-2抗体反应显著增加有关.
- 无症状的个体在粘膜样本中表现出更高的先前存在的HCoV-S1活性和SARS-CoV-2反应性.
- 唾液中和活性显示了对多种SARS-CoV-2变异的适度但广泛的交叉反应.
结论:
- 预先存在的HCoV免疫力,特别是粘膜反应,显著有助于限制症状性SARS-CoV-2疾病,即使不能预防感染.
- 这些发现支持开发泛冠病毒疫苗,诱导强大的粘膜免疫反应.
- 了解HCoV-SARS-CoV-2的相互作用对于预测未来动物性冠状病毒传播至关重要.
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