无耕作作物管理是否能减轻气体排放,减少产量差异:美国和中国的经验评估
Awais Shakoor1, Elise Pendall1, Muhammad Saleem Arif2
1Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
The Science of the total environment
|January 25, 2024
概括
中国和美国的无耕种在温室气体减排和作物产量方面显示出不同的结果. 虽然中国的排放减少了,但产量没有增加,但美国的产量在减少排放的同时有所改善.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 气候变化缓解缓解 气候变化缓解
背景情况:
- 全球农业面临着可持续性挑战,需要平衡粮食需求与环境影响.
- 美国和中国是主要的温室气体 (GHG) 排放国,占全球总量的39%.
- 无耕种是一种农业气候变化适应和减缓战略.
研究的目的:
- 评估无耕种对美国和中国温室气体减排和作物生产率的影响.
- 在这两个国家的不同农业生态系统和管理实践中比较无耕作的有效性.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项全面的元分析,以评估无耕地与传统耕地.
- 分析了温室气体排放 (CO2,N2O,CH4) 和作物产量的数据.
- 在美国和中国的各种作物系统,土壤类型和灌制度中进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 在中国,无耕作没有显著改变作物产量,但减少了CO2 (8%) 和N2O (12%) 的排放,而CH4排放增加了 (12%).
- 在美国,无耕作显著提高了作物产量 (高达12%) 并减少了N2O (21%) 和CH4 (12%) 的排放.
- 中国的小麦作物系统显示出显著的温室气体减排;美国的大豆-大米和玉米系统显示出分别减少了N2O和CO2.
结论:
- 在温室气体减排和产量提高方面,无耕种农业的有效性在中国和美国之间有很大的差异.
- 差异与中国对CH4排放控制和美国对N2O减排的影响有关.
- 耕作系统和农田气候条件对可持续农业的无耕作策略的成功具有关键影响.
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