在水生环境中对塑料的稳定性和降解进行调查,使用大型现场部署研究
Beatrix Theobald1, Regis Risani1, Lloyd Donaldson1
1Scion, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand.
The Science of the total environment
|January 25, 2024
概括
塑料碎片的碎片化成微塑料取决于材料的特性. 化学成分是自然水生环境的关键,与实验室老化不同,它对一些塑料产生了更强烈的影响,但不是一个可靠的模型.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 聚合物科学 聚合物科学
背景情况:
- 塑料碎片的碎片化是微塑料污染的主要来源.
- 了解自然条件下的塑料降解至关重要,但有限.
- 材料属性影响分解,但相互关系需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究自然水生环境中五种不同类型的塑料的降解.
- 为了比较自然降解与加速的人工气候变化 (UV).
- 评估材料组成和环境因素对塑料碎片化的影响.
主要方法:
- 五种类型的塑料 (LLDPE,oxoLLDPE,PET,PA6,PLA) 在海洋和废水处理厂 (WWTP) 现场部署了6-12个月.
- 在实验室环境中,样品经历了加速的紫外线气候变化.
- 在部署后和经过气候变化后,分析了物理特征和表面微观结构.
主要成果:
- 氧降解的LLDPE在人工老化下显著恶化,但在自然环境中则不那么严重.
- 塑料在自然环境中的行为主要取决于化学成分,水域位置之间的差异很小.
- 聚胺-6 (PA6) 在海洋地区显示出生物降解的迹象,但在WWTP中没有.
结论:
- 自然降解过程复杂且依赖于材料,化学性质是主导因素.
- 人工老化不是一个持续可靠的模型来预测天然塑料的降解和微塑料的形成.
- 这些发现有助于了解早期的塑料降解,并解释水中塑料污染的实验室老化测试.
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