营养循环中的植物土壤同步:从生态系统中学习,设计可持续的农业系统
Sébastien Fontaine1, Luc Abbadie2, Michaël Aubert3
1INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Global change biology
|January 26, 2024
概括
使用生态原则重新设计农业系统,将营养供应与植物需求同步. 这种方法提高了土壤的健康,减少了对肥料的依赖,并尽量减少了农业的使用.
科学领域:
- 农业生态学和土壤科学
- 环境科学与气候变化
- 可持续农业 可持续农业
背景情况:
- 当前的农业系统面临着不断增长的人口可持续养的挑战.
- 对于重新设计作物系统以模仿自然生态系统以提高可持续性,存在有限的指导方针.
- 农业对全球环境问题做出了重大贡献,如肥胖化和气候变暖.
研究的目的:
- 综合自然生态系统中生物地球化学循环的知识.
- 概述四个生态系统,使营养供应与植物需求同步.
- 通过以自然为基础的实践,为改善农业系统可持续性提供框架.
主要方法:
- 综合现有关于自然系统中的生物地球化学循环和生态规则的知识.
- 识别和描述促进营养同步的四个关键生态系统.
- 审查最近的农业学进步及其在促进同步方面的有效性.
主要成果:
- 确定了四个生态系统,它们将土壤生物群的营养供应与植物需求同步,限制营养缺乏和过剩.
- 同步是由植物-土壤/植物-植物相互作用,生态生理和土壤物理化学过程以及营养库动态驱动的.
- 减少耕作,多年覆盖作物和作物多样化等实践有效地促进同步,减少营养损失和排放,同时改善土壤碳.
结论:
- 拟议的框架提供了刺激农业系统内生态系统的战略,以提高可持续性.
- 了解小气候环境和功能多样性对于调节营养循环至关重要.
- 基于自然的做法,当特定地点进行修改时,可以提高长期的农业生产率并减少对环境的影响.
相关概念视频
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition
18.8K
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
18.8K
The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition
35.4K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
35.4K
The Soil Ecosystem
19.9K
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
19.9K
Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores
13.0K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
13.0K
Water and Mineral Acquisition
33.0K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
33.0K


