低的食率驱使大型食虫蝙蝠远离城市地区
Laura Stidsholt1,2, Carolin Scholz1, Uwe Hermanns3
1Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
Global change biology
|January 26, 2024
概括
城市蝙蝠努力寻找食物,捕获的猎物比农村蝙蝠少. 这种较低的食物摄入量可能会使较大的蝙蝠物种从城市地区流离失所,凸显了对昆虫丰富息地的需求.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 城市生态城市生态学
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
背景情况:
- 城市化显著影响野生动物,作为环境过器,可以排除物种.
- 城市环境可能会给动物带来挑战,因为食物稀缺,动物需要达到正能量平衡.
- 具有较低能源需求的较小蝙蝠通常在城市环境中受到青.
研究的目的:
- 为了测试假设,常见的夜 (Nyctalus noctula) 以较慢的速度获取食物,并且在城市和农村环境中不太依赖同类动物.
- 研究城市环境对蝙蝠食行为和猎物捕获效率的影响.
- 了解城市景观中较大的蝙蝠物种的食物可用性的影响.
主要方法:
- 在城市和农村环境中安装了22只常见的夜夜蝙蝠与传感器记录器.
- 估计的猎物大小和测量的猎物捕获率,食努力,以及狩猎期间同类动物的存在.
- 在城市和农村环境中比较蝙蝠之间的食数据.
主要成果:
- 常见的夜蝙蝠在两种环境中都狩猎了大小相似的猎物,但在城市地区 (2.4次攻击/分钟) 与农村地区 (6.3次攻击/分钟) 相比,捕获猎物的速度要低得多.
- 城市蝙蝠每次食 (179次攻击) 的猎物总数比农村蝙蝠 (377次攻击) 低.
- 捕获猎物的能源支出在城市环境中更高,而城市蝙蝠由于可预测的猎物分布,因此不太依赖群体狩猎.
结论:
- 城市环境中稀缺的粮食资源和较低的捕获率可能会使这些息地对具有更高能源需求的大型蝙蝠物种不利.
- 较低的食物摄入量可能导致较大的蝙蝠物种从城市地区流离失所.
- 具有高昆虫生物量生产的息地对于城市环境中大型蝙蝠物种的保护至关重要.
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